Method of making cellulosic products



c. "A. FOURNESS ET AL 234L371) METHOD OF MAKING CELLULOS IC PRODUCTSOriginal Filed June 19, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l %%726 OWA; mv

c; A. FOURNESS ET AL ,34

METHOD OF MAKING GELLULOSIC PRODUCTS I I Original Filed June 19, 1940Z-Sheets-Sheet 2 gyarz Patented Feb. 8, 1944 METHOD OF MAKING CELLULOSICPRODUCTS Charles A. Fourness and John B. Catlin, Appleton, Wis.,assignors to Paper Patents Company, Neenah, Wis., a corporation ofWisconsin Original application June 19, 1940, Serial No. 341,262.Divided and this application August 10, 1942, Serial No. 454,212

11 Claims.

The present invention relates to multi-ply, creped, cellulosic productssuch as are disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 2,102,233 toFrank A. Biederman and No.'2,170,655 to Charles A. Fourness, both ofwhich patents are assigned to the assignee of this invention. Thisapplication is a division of our application Ser. No. 341,262 filed June19, 1940, which is a continuation in part of our prior application Ser.No. 114,590 which was filed December '7, 1936, and both of which priorapplications are assigned to the assignee of this application.

Products of the type disclosed in the above mentioned Biederman andFourness patents comprise a pad or hat of low unit density which isformed by superposing a plurality of generally flat layers of thin,creped, cellulosic tissue. For certain uses, as disclosed and claimed inthe Fourness patent the individual sheets contain asphalt or otherthermo-plastic material in varying amounts. Certain of thethermo-plastic bearing products are Water resistant to a very highdegree. If desired, any of the products may be also fireproofed.

Products of this type are widely used as packing materials, liquidabsorbing or filtering materials, and as insulating materials, for bothheat and sound insulation, the asphalt bearing product beingparticularly satisfactory for insulation uses. However, because of theextremely large bulk of these products with respect to their weight, theboxing, shipping, storing, and handling costs of the products have beenunreasonably and excessively high.

Heretofore, all attempts to increase the unit density of these productsfor the purposes of shipment, storage, etc., have resulted in seriousimpairment of the properties of the products. Attempts to bale theseproducts, for example, by any of the known baling methods accomplish thedesired reduction in bulk and increase in unit density, but thereduction of bulk for practical purposes becomes permanent, and theproduct cannot be restored by any commercially practical procedures toits useful low density, high bulk conditionafter it has once beencompressed and baled. In fact, the deleterious efifects of compressingthe products even slightly are so serious that heretofore it has beennecessary to ship and handle the product in rigid cartons or containers.

We have discovered, however, that contrary to the accepted teachings andpractices of the art, the subject low density, high bulk products,described in the above mentioned Biederman and Fourness'patents can beconverted into intermediate products of relatively low bulk and ofrelatively high density, which intermediate products can be restored atany time to a low density, high bulk condition so as to render itsuitable for use.

More particularly, we have discovered that any of the multi-ply, highbulk, low density bat or pad products described in the above mentionedBiederman and Fourness patents can be converted into a elatively dense,low bulk product by longitudinally compressing the original bat or padin a direction substantially perpendicular to the creping therein, andthat the resultant compressed product, contrary to the products producedby ordinary methods of compression, can be readily restored to itsoriginal low density, high bulk state at any time merely bylongitudinally extending the compressed pad or bat, as by stretching.

This intermediate compressed product when manufactured in accordancewith the present invention is of sufiiciently low bulk and of sumcientlyhigh unit density to permit economical and convenient boxing, shipping,handling, and storing thereof, while at the same time the intermediateproduct can conveniently and easily be restored to its original state ofgreat bulk and low unit density when it is desired to use the product.

Moreover, this intermediate compressed product is found to possesscertain very remarkable and quite unexpected properties not possessed bythe original product. The bulk of the restored product, for example, iseven greater than the bulk of the original product, and when the productis used as an insulating material this increase correspondingly improvesthe insulating efiiciency of the product as compared with the efficiencyof the original product. Further, the length of the restored product canbe readily controlled within rather wide limits. This means that asingle standardized article may be used for insulating spaces ofrelatively widely varying physical dimensions and makes possible a newand highly desirable method of insulating buildings, wall spaces, andthe like. If the longitudinal compression and restoration of the productis repeated a number of times, it has been found that the bulk of theproduct may be increased as much as a hundred per cent, withcorresponding increased improvement in the product as an insulatingmaterial since the insulating efficiency of products of this type issubstantially a function of the bulk of the product without regard toits density.

'Other advantages result from the use of the.

described particularly in the Fourness Patent 2,170,655.

As manufactured at the present time the pads or bats comprise abouttln'ee to possibly 150 or more sheets or plies of the tissue,the-thickness of the bats ranging from about one-eighth to two or threeinches or more. The small magnified section of Fig. 1 illustrates thegeneral arrangeties of the invention serve to greatly decrease the 7manufacturing costs incident to the carrying out of the invention andare to a considerableextent responsible for its great commercialsuccess. The baling methods made possibleby the invention also permitmost convenient restoration of the article to its original state, aswillbe described in some detail in subsequent paragraphs. The invention alsofinds application for the purpose of increasing the bulk of the lowdensity products of the subject type.

These and other advantages of the invention and the preferred methods ofaccomplishing the same will be made more apparent by reference to thefollowing description of certain preferred Figure 3 is a perspectiveview, similar to Figure 1, showing a .multi-ply, relatively dense,cellulosic productthe intermediate product mentioned in theforegoing--manufactured in ac-- cordance with the present invention,this figure is dra-wnto the same scale as Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a perspective view, somewhat diagrammatic in form,illustrating the features of an apparatus which'may be used forproducing these-called intermediate product'illustrated in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is aperspective view showing a bale of the individual unitsillustrated in Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a sectional view, somewhat diagrammatic in form,illustrating a press which may be used forforming the bale illustratedin Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary perspective "view illustrating one manner inwhich theproduct'of the present invention may be utilized;

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view on the general line 88 of Figure7 and Figure 9 is a perspective view of 'a'rnodified form of balegenerally similar to that shown in Figure 5, this bale has beenpartially expanded.

As indicated in the foregoing, the present invention is primarilyconcerned with, although'not necessarily limited to, products ofcertainspecific types, namely themulti-ply, low density, pad or batproducts disclosed and claimed in the above mentioned 'Biederman andFourness patents. These products, as pointed out in the Biederman andFourness patents, are manufactured by superposing a plurality of sheetsof thin, ereped, cellulosictissue. The tissue sheets may be plain (i.e., consist of from about 94 to 96% by weight oficommercial cellulosefiber, exclusive of clay or like inert filler material) or they maycontain substantial amounts of asphalt to by weight) or equivalentthermoplastic material, as

A portion 'ment of the sheets, and a portion of one of the individualsheets used in making the bats is illustrated in Fig. 2. The product, asmanufactured, is very bulky, porous, and of low density. Inaddition-toits desirable, properties as a packing material, liquidabsorbing material, etc., it possesses excellent thermal and soundinsulating properties.

7 If the sheets contain asphalt or other thermoplastic material, it isdesirable that this material shall be in the form of small discreteparticles of widely varying dimensions which are individually attachedto the fibers or groups of fibers-"making up the sheet. Also it ispractically essential that the thermoplastic material should be of atype which is relatively'brittle at room temperature and which has amelting point with in the-range of about F. to 200 F. Asphalt orequivalent thermoplastic material of this type and in this formhas theparticular property of effecting marked reduction in the stable densityof the product as pointedout in the"Fourness patent.

Regardless of whether plain or asphalt containingsheets are used, thesheets have a basis weight, or more properly adryer-basis weight (i. e.-weight of flat-uncreped sheets), within the range of about i to 9 poundsfor 480 sheets 24 x 36 inches. 'Both types of sheets are manufactured ona Yankee type machine and as manufactured they havea crepe ratio (i.-e.the ratio of the length-of the uncreped sheet to the length of thecrepedsheet) of about 2.0 to 3.0. The pad or bat product made from theasphalt containing sheets has a stable unitdensity (i.- e., the densityin which the product is self-supporting and may be used) asmanufacturedwithin therange of about. 1.25 to 2 pounds per cubic foot. The pad orbat. product made from the plain sheets, and depending somewhat upon thefinish used, has a stable unit density as manufactured within therangeof about3 to 8 pounds per cubic foot. The superposed sheets-aresimilarly arranged, i. e., the creping in all, or substantially all, ofthe superposed sheets extends in the same direction, preferablytransverselyto the length of the bat.

Ashas been previouslystated, due to the extremely high bulkoftheseproducts the boxing, shipping, and handling costs have heretoforebeenexcessively large and no meanshadbeen known whereby the density .ofproducts of this type could be temporarily increased topermit economicalhandling, shipping, storing, and use of the product without permanentlyimpairing the ability of the product tobe reformedlinto a productpossessing characteristics even approximating the desirablecharacteristics of the: original product. It is-with the-overcomingofthese difiiculties .and with the improvement of r the characteristicsof theoriginal product thatthe presentv invention is particularlyconcerned.

Allof the original attempts to decreasetemporarilythe bulk ofproducts ofthis type have resulted-in complete failure. If an attempt is made tobale the article by any of the-'known ordinarymethods of baling, theproduct after it has b een balediseems. to mat and becomes very inal pador bat.

density. However, we havediscovered that if a.

pad or bat of the type illustrated in Figure 1, and

having physical properties as set forth in the foregoing, is compressedlongitudinally, i. e. in a direction generally perpendicular to thedirection of the creping in the individual sheets making up the bat, arelatively high density product will be produced which can be easily andconveniently restored at any time to its original condition without lossor impairment of any of the highly desirable properties of the originalarticle. In fact, so far as the bulk of the restored product isconcerned, the compression and subsequent restoration tend to producegreater bulk inthe restored product than was possessed by the orig- Itis desirable although not absolutely essential that the thickness andwidth of the bat be maintained substantially constant during thecompressing operation.

The high density product produced by the practice of our invention canbe conveniently packages or baled and can be conveniently handled; inuse the restored length of the product is readily controllable by theuser so that it will automatically accommodate itself to spaces ofmaterially varying dimensions. A compressed pad is illustrated in Figure3, that figure portraying to scale an article comprising the same numberof sheets and originally having the same dimensions as the product shownin Figure 1. The product illustrated in Figure 3 is expansible from thecompressed condition illustrated in that figure to a lengthsubstantially the same, or possibly even slightly greater, than theproduct illustrated in Figure l, i. e., is expansible back to itsoriginal length or greater.

The amount that the original bat is compressed may be varied throughrather wide limits depending upon the wishes of the operator and thepurposes for which the product is to be used. However, a compressionwhich does notreduce the length of the original pad or bat by at leastone half is not advantageous, and a reduction in length toone-twentieth. of the original length is usually about as much as can beconveniently accomplished by the use of ordinary machinery. In thisconnection, however, it must be noted that it is not possible toincrease the density of the product made from plain sheets to morethanabout 75 pounds per cubic foot, which is the approximate Weight of fullycompressed, commercial cellulose fiber. Hence, it is not possible toutilize the full range of compression /2 to for the products made fromplain sheets having basis weights in excess of about 3.75 pounds percubic foot.

The compressing operation is accompanied by certain physical changes inthe product. The unit density increases in inverse ratioto the change inlength of the original pad or bat, and the crepe ratio of the individualsheets is similarly increased. Thus for compressions which eifectchangesin length within the range of onehalf to one-twentieth, the compressedpad or bat product when made from plain or non-asphalt bearing sheetswill have a unit density within the range of from about 6 to a maximumof about 75 pounds per cubic foot. When made from asabout 2.5 to 40pounds per cubic foot. In either case, L however, the crepe ratiooi -theindividual sheetsvmaking up the compressed product will .betincreased'as an incident to the compressing operation within the range of about 4to. 60.

,A press suitable for accomplishing the manufacture of. the compressedproduct of the present invention is shown more or less diagrammaticallyin Figure 4. This press includes suitable top, bottom and side membersI, 2, and 3, respectively, for defining a rectangular chamber 4 of sub-10.

it is desired to compress.

stantially the same dimensions as the bat which Necessarily these wallmembers must be capable of being swung open to permit thev introductionof an uncompressed bat into the interior thereof. During operation ofthe press, a bat such as is indicated at 5 in Figure 1 is placed Withinthe chamber 4 and is compressed. perpendicularly to the direction of thecreping therein by means of a suitable plunger or ram 6 movable withinthe chamber 4. This plunger 6 may be actuated by any suitable means,such as a hydraulic press or screw. The compressing of the bat 5 isaccomplished merely by moving the plunger to the right from an initialposition in the left-hand end of the chamber to the position in which itis illustrated in full lines in Figure 4, the resultant compressed bat,indicated at I, being identical with the bat shown in Figure 3.

In one commercial embodiment, the original bats are eight feet, fourinches in length, fifteen inches wide, and one inch thick, being made upof twenty-four separate plies or sheets of asphalt bearing, crepedtissue. The original bats have a. unit density of about 1.7 pounds percubic foot. The constituent sheets contain, on a weight basis, about 83%cellulose, 12% asphalt, and 5% water, and they have a dryer or uncrepedbasis weight of 5.0 pounds for 480 sheets 24 x 36 inches and a creperatio as manufactured of 2.6. The superposed sheets are similarlyarranged with the creping parallel to the fifteen inch direction. Thesebats may be readily compressed so as to reduce the eight foot, four inchdimension to about twenty inches thereby increasing the unit weight ofthe product from about 1.7 pounds per cubic foot to somewhat in excessof 8.5 pounds per cubic foot (a compression ratio of about 5).

' The crepe ratio of the constituent sheets is increased from itsinitial value of 2.6 to 13.0. The compressed bat, as illustrated at 1 inFig. 4, is preferably tied in position when the plunger or ram 6 is inthe full compressed position, or if desired, the bat I may be inserteddirectly into a suitable box or container. in its compressed condition.

The resultant compressed product is of sufficient density to permit itsbeing shipped economically, and it is very convenient to handle, store,and use. To restore this compressed or intermediate product to itsoriginal length, it is merely necessary to stretch or extend the productbackto that original dimension as by grasping either end of the articleand pulling it out in a direction opposite to the previous compressionthereof. Upon extension of the product to its original length, it willbe found to possess even more bulk than the original uncompressed bat,particularly if the compressing and extension operation is repeatedseveral times. This increase in bulk is sometimes as great as onehundred per cent and seemingly results in part from the large increasein crepe ratio which is incident to the compressing operation. When thecompressed bat is stretched the creping, being of much greaterdimensions than in' the ing thebulk of the expanded product.

.thermaland sound insulating characteristics of Figures 7 and 8) the.original uncompressed pad: thereby increas- The the product are fullypreserved and in-all respects theresultant article is as good, if notbetter, than it was prior to the compressing.

.At this point it might be again stressed that itis only by compressingthe articlesubstantially perpendicular to the creping thereofandparallel to the plane of the component sheets that this ability ofrestoration is accomplished.

.If the widthand thickness of the original pad orbat are maintainedsubstantially unchanged throughout the compressing operation, it will befound that when the compressed article is stretched out its width issubstantially the same .asprior to the compressing operation.

is used as wall insulation for the spaces betweenv the upright studs ofthe frame of a house (see In such installations the distance between thetop and bottom studs varies in cliiferent buildings and sometimes in thesame building, the usual limits being from seven feet six inches to ninefeet, and heretofore it has been necessary for the contractor or workmanto out insulating bats to the various different lengths en countered onany particular job. By the present invention one standardized productwhich is very easy to handle will fit practically all buildings, and ourinvention thus makes possible a new method of insulating buildings.

In installing the compressed product of the present invention in suchlocations in accordance with the new method of our invention, the upperend of one of the compressed bats i is first fastened in place-as by alath 8, the lath 9 being tacked throughto: the upper stud l l, as isshown particularly in Figures. 'Then the lower end of the bat is graspedin both hands by the carpenter, or other workman, and is extended orstretched'to alsufhcient length to fill the stud space. Duringthestretching operation the bat is fiufied a little by shaking to assurethe attainment of the maximum bulk. The lower end is then tacked inplace by a similar lath l2 and a few long nails such as are indicated at13 are preferably driven in at intervals in order to aid in supportingthe extended bat. It is apparent that the amount of extension of theproduct may be easily and conveniently regulated so as to fit theinstallation to spaces of rather Widely varying dimensions. Moreover,this novel method of insulating the wall space of a building permits thesatisfactory utilization of relatively thin insulation, principallybecause of the good support given the insulating material. Heretofore,to assure permanence of the insulation it has been common practice tosubstantially fill the Wall space uncompressed product, apparently tendsto force Lthefisheets further-apart than was the' case iin "insmalllots, the unitcompressionmethod previ- 'ously described wouldprobably beused. Howeverffor -mo'st commercial application it isdesirable-to.sell"the-product inbales consisting of a pluralityof: theseparate compressed pads or bats "I illustrate'd inFigure 3. Wehavefound that bales -of this type-may be conveniently made in.asin'gle-baling orcompressing operation. A suitable' apparatus' foraccomplishing thi is illustrated rather diagrammatically in Figure 6;this apparatus, as willbe seen by reference to that figure; includessuitable wall members l5, l6, and I1 for-defining a rectangularly shapedchamber l8 wherein the compressing is accomplished, and 15 aram orplunger I 9 of suitable dimensions which .is movable within this chamberto accomplish the longitudinal compression of the product. I

The mocle of accomplishing the simultaneous i compressionof a pluralityof pads orbats is substantially as follows: A plurality 0f the ordinaryuncompressed bats-of the type described in the above mentioned Biedermanand Fourness patenta astindicated at 5 inFigure 1, are arranged iii-apile, the creping in substantially all of the individual constituentsheets of the'bats extendingin the "same direction, 1. e., transverselyto the .lengththereof. The several bats are preferably I but notnecessarily separated from each other by means of spacing sheets 20which may conveniently comprise appropriately colored :creped or plaintissuepaper or thin waxed paper, ..ortsimil-arsmaterial. The sides ofthe box are rigid ,and serve to-maintain the height of the pile of.batsrsubstantially uniform during the compression':operation. The Widthof the bats Will ordinarily-changexbut little during the compressionoperation; :a'nd the use of'a closure for the sides of the compressionchamberis'optional. The rain I|9:.is 'moved from theiiposition shown indotted 40 lines in Figure 6-to the position shown infull lines thatfigure,; and the compressing of the entire pile j of bats .:is thereby.simultaneously accom- "plished. The degree of compression will, of:course, vary in accordance :With' the requirements 4 :of .thesitluation. .When' the ram i9 is in the fully compressed, position; theseveral compressed bats .whichaareinow similar :to the bat 1 of Figure3, rmay befastened'i together into a bale, such as is illustratedinrFigure.-5,:by.suitable straps or ties which: are :passed throughsuitable openings 2| in .the:ram"and'in thezend of therbaling apparatus.If :desired; wooden headers 23 such as .are illustrated in Figures 5'and 6 may be introduced into i the vbaling-,apparatus priortouthecompressing opieration and Icardboards 24'or the-like may be placed onthe top and bottom of the bale to aid in protecting the same. .Thetiesfor fastening the bale together may include straps 25 andwires'26.

. It is sometimes desirable that some means be provided whereby all ofthe compressed bats 1 rmaking upvone of these bales may besimultaneously-extended through a relatively simple op- ..eration.Thezapparatus and methods of the pres- ;ent invention ,;lend themselvesmost eifectively .to the-accomplishment of this. Particularly, duringthe baling-operation a suitable adhesive, such assocliumsilicate, isplaced upon the inner surfaceof each of the'wooden headers 23immediatelyprior to the initiation of the compression and balingoperation. This adhesive serves to securely afiixthe'endsof each of thecompressed bats 1 .to--the@'headers,and when thestraps and wire 25 and-2 6 or. otherties are released from the bale, it will be foundthatthe-headers 23 remain securely :attachedr-to 'thezendsrzofthe bats 1, asis shown in Figure 9. Upon the release of the baling straps the batswill generally expand to a slight extent.

With this arrangement, to stretch all of the bats to the desired length,it is necessary merely to fasten one of the headers and to then pull theother header away from the stationary header a sufiicient distance toaccomplish the desired increase in length of the compressed bats. Duringthe extension of the bats some fluffing, which may be accomplished byshaking one or both of the headers, will be found to be very desirable.When the bats have been extended to the desired length the headers maybe cut ofi by any convenient means. The arrangement and method lendsitself to quantity production manufacturing methods .and in actualpractice has been found to operate most satisfactorily.

From the foregoing it will be seen that we have provided a novel type ofmulti-ply, cellulosic product, and method of manufacturing the sameeither as individual units or in multiple units such as bales. Theproduct of our invention is capable of being stretched or otherwiseextended a very considerable amount to adapt it for use as an insulatingmaterial, packing material, liquid absorbing material, or the like. Whenin the compressed state, this product has numerous advantages over anyof the products heretofore known to the art in that it is a relativelydense article which may be shipped at reasonably low cost and which iseasy to pack and to handle either as individual pads or in bales. Ourinvention fully overcomes the serious objections resulting from theextreme bulk and low density of the prior art products.

Probably the most important feature of the novel 'method of ourinvention resides in the discovery of the fact that low density, porousbats of the subject type may be converted, by compression appliedlongitudinally thereto, in a direction perpendicular to the creping inthe individual sheets making up the bats into a relatively dense productof low bulk which possesses, at least potentially, all of the desirablequalities of such bats prior to the compression thereof. In fact, thecompression and restoration particularly is carried out several timesand actually increases the bulk and decreases the unit density of therestored product as compared with the bulk and unit density of theoriginal pad or bat. In this connection, it should be mentioned that areduction in length of the original bat of less than one-half is usuallynot advantageous, and a reduction in length to one-twentieth of theoriginal length is usually as much as can be conveniently accomplishedin ordinary machinery. Also it should be noted that it is verydiflicult, if not impossible, to practice the present invention unlessthe individual sheets making up the original uncompressed pad or bathave a crepe ratio of at least 1.25. The preferred crepe ratio range isabout 2 to 3 and includes all normal crepe ratios obtained by ordinarymanufacturing procedures.

We have also disclosed certain novel methods whereby compressed materialmay be prepared for use and installed in the structure with which it isto be used. The inherent ability of the ma terial to accommodate itselfto varying amounts of extension without impairment of the insulating orother desirable characteristics makes the product particularly suitablefor being used according to these disclosed methods.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications of the above described article and methods ofmanufacturing and using the same may be employed. It is our desire,therefore, that the accompanying claims shall be accorded the broadestreasonable construction consistent with the state of the art.

We claim:

1. As an article of manufacture, a bale consisting of a plurality ofsuperposed bats or pads each of'which consists of a plurality of pliesor layers of thin, creped, cellulosic tissue, a pair of header memberseach of which is disposed at one end of said bale, each of saidsuperposed bats being longitudinally extensible in a directionsubstantially perpendicular to the direction of the creping therein toincrease the length thereof and to decrease the unit density thereofwithin the range of from two to twenty times, each end of each of saidbats being adhesively secured to one of said headers whereby all of saidbats. may be simultaneously lengthened by moving'said headers away fromeach other, and means normally holding said headers in position at theends of said bale.

2. The method of manufacturing a relatively dense, cellulosic productwhich may be extended or stretched to form a relatively low densityproduct suitable for use as an insulating material, liquid absorbentmaterial, packing material, or the like which comprises the steps offorming a relatively low density multi-ply pad or bat by superposing aplurality of sheets of thin, creped, cellulosic tissue in such mannerthat the creping in susbtantially all of said sheets extends in the samedirection, and then materially compressing said pad or batlongitudinally in a direction generally perpendicular to the creping insaid sheets.

3. The method of manufacturing a relatively dense cellulosic productwhich may be extended or stretched to increase the bulk and to decreasethe density thereof so as'to adapt the product for use as an insulatingmaterial, liquid absorbent material, packing material, or thelike, whichconsists in the steps of forming a relatively low density, multi-ply pador bat by superposing a plurality of sheets of transversely creped,thin, cellulosic tissue in such manner that the creping in substantiallyall of the sheets extends in the same direction, and then longitudinallycompressing said pad or bat in a direction generally perpendicular tothe creping in said sheets while maintaining the thickness of said pador bat substantially without change.

4. The method of increasing the density of a pad or bat product whichcomprises a plurality of superposed sheets of thin, creped, cellulosictissue which consists in longitudinally compressing the pad or bat in adirection substantially perpendicular to the creping therein whilemaintaining the height and Width of the bat substantially constant.

5. The method of increasing the bulk of a pad or bat product whichcomprises a plurality of superposed sheets of thin, creped, cellulosictissue, which comprises the steps of longitudinally compressing the pador bat in a direction substantially perpendicular to the creping thereinwhile maintaining the width of the bat substantially constant, and thenrestoring the bat to its original length, as by stretching.

6. The method of increasing the bulk of a pad 01' bat product whichcomprises a plurality of superposed sheets of thin, creped, cellulosictissue which comprises the successive repetition of the steps oflongitudinally compressing the pad or bat in a direction substantiallyperpendicular to the creping therein while maintaining the height of thebat'substantially constant, andthen restoring the pad or bat to itsOriginal length as by stretching, the alternate compression andstretching operations being repeateda sufficient tion, placing aseparating sheet between ach of.

said bats, and then compressing the pile of superposed bats in adirection perpendicular to the creping in, the component sheets thereoffrom two to twenty times, maintaining the height and widthof said pileof superposed bats substantially constant during the compressingoperation, and then tying said bats together to form a bale as by strapsor the like at the conclusion of the compressing operation.

.8. The method of simultaneously.packaging. or baling a plurality ofarticles, each f which consists of a low densitybat formed from aplurality of superposed sheets or layers of thin, transversely creped,cellulosic tissue which consists in arranging a plurality of said batsinto a pile, placing one of apair of relatively rigid headers at eitherend of the pile, adhesively securing said headers at the ends of thebats .making up said pile, and then materially, decreasing the length'of said pile by moving at least one of said headerstoward the other,while at the same time maintainin the height and width ofsaid pilsubstantiallyconstant, and finally fastening said headers together bystraps or the like in order to hold the resultant package orlbale in thecompressed condition, the adhesive fasteningof thelends of said .bats tosaid headers beingof such. strength thatall'of said bats maybesimultaneously extended at any desired time by relative movement of oneof said headers away'from the other,

9.- The-method of simultaneously packaging .-,or

baling a pluralitygotarticles, eachof whichconsists of. a-low densitybatformedfrom a plurality ofsuperposedsheets or layers of thin,transversely creped, cellulosic tissue, which consists in arrangingaplurality of said bats into. a pile, placing one of a pair ofrelatively rigid headers at either end of. the pile, adhesively securingsaid headers to the ends .of-the .bats making up said pile, thendecreasing the lengthof said pile in the neighborhood of from three toten times by moving at least a one of said headers toward the otherwhile at the same time maintaining the height and width of said .pilesubstantially constant, and finally fasteningsaid headers together bystraps or the like in .order-toholdthe resultant package or bale in.

the compressed condition, the adhesive fastening of theends of said batsto said headersbeing of suchrstrength that .all of, saidlbats maybesimultaneously. extended at anydesired timeby relative movement ofsaid headers.

10'; The. methodof manufacturin a relatively,

dense, vcellulosicproduct which may be extended or stretched .toincrease the bulk .and to decrease the density thereof sov as to. adapt..said product for use asan. insulating material, liquidv absorbentmaterial, packing material, orthe like, which consistsin the steps. offorming a relatively low density pad or hat by superposing a pluralityof sheets.

of thin,.cr.eped,.cellulosic tissue, and then reducing the, lengthofsaidpad .or batgenerally perpendicularly to. the creping in saidsuperposed sheets, the. reduction in length ofsaid pador bat beingsuificient to increase the unit weight there-

